Confidence can occur as a one-time feeling. For example, a woman about to give a speech might feel confident that her speech will go well. But confidence can also be a generalised personality trait that people bring to most areas of life. People with high self-confidence will feel comfortable believing others like them, that they can perform well at work, and that they can meet the daily demands of life. High self-confidence is correlated with high self-esteem, and people with strong self-confidence are generally happier than people with lower self-confidence.

Confidence in others is a belief that people will perform their jobs well, live up to expectations, or keep their promises. While confidence in others can be affected by one’s experience with another person, generalized confidence in others can also be affected by self-confidence. Someone with low self-confidence may be more likely to believe others will let them down.

Self-confidence, or a person’s faith in internal abilities, differs from conceit or boastfulness, terms often used to refer to what might be considered excessive self-pride. Self-confidence better describes a belief in one’s ability to do well based on a series of past successes. Those who are self-confident generally continue to believe in themselves and their abilities regardless of the challenge or task before them, and they may be more likely to take risks, try new things, and acquire new skills.

Some people experience negative effects from a lack of self-confidence, though others may feel content even though they lack confidence in certain areas. Researchers and other experts point out that it is not actually necessary to be confident about every aspect of life, especially when a person’s self-esteem is well-developed.

However, some individuals who lack self-confidence may struggle with assertiveness, communication skills, or social anxiety. Deficits in these areas can create dissonance in one’s career, relationships, and state of mind. Individuals may feel inferior, have little drive to succeed, lack direction in life, feel useless, or experience feelings of bitterness and resentment toward others.

Working to develop greater self-confidence can be beneficial for many, as self-confidence can not only prevent difficulties in these areas but also help to increase mental and emotional well-being.

• Self-esteem and well-being: Self-confidence can inform how people feel about themselves in a cyclical way. In other words, the more self-confident people feel, the more likely they will be to take risks to improve their circumstances. The more risks they take, the greater the likelihood they will find success. The more success they experience, the better they tend to feel about themselves, and so on. This can develop into a self-sustaining cycle that promotes overall satisfaction with one’s life.
• Empowerment: Self-confidence can impact a person’s sense of self-efficacy. The more a person believes in the self, the more empowered that person is likely to feel, especially with regard to trying new things. Self-confidence can also have a snowball effect on a person’s ability to achieve personal goals. Challenges often appear less daunting thanks to past successes, leading many to feel powerful and in control of the future.
• Anxiety reduction: A self-confident attitude can help people feel better able to overcome obstacles. As a result, they may experience less ambiguity when facing new challenges and less fear and anxiety associated with unfamiliar situations. Self-confident people may be more likely to approach new adventures with a positive mindset rather than an anxious or fearful one, expecting to learn something valuable and benefit from the experience.
• Less stress, more energy: People who are self-confident may be less likely to experience anxiety and self-doubt about their goals and actions and may accordingly experience less stress. Greater peace of mind can facilitate an energized lifestyle focused on happiness and goal achievement.
• Better interpersonal relationships: If self-confidence promotes happiness, then it follows that it can improve the quality of a person’s relationships. Because people who experience self-confidence tend to trust in themselves and their abilities, they may feel empowered and be more successful than those who lack self-confidence. These qualities can facilitate relationship success, as self-assurance may increase a person’s ability to focus energy on another’s needs in addition to their own needs. This self-sufficiency can lead to balanced, strong relationships.
• Success: A typical human goal is achieving success. The more people achieve, the more skilled they may become. When people fail consistently, they may become avoidant and/or feel stifled. Self-confidence can lay a path toward success by providing people with the tools needed to develop faith in their abilities and keep trying.

A variety of factors affect a person’s overall feelings of confidence about their life. Children of confident parents are more likely to grow up to be confident adults, perhaps because their parents modeled this trait to them. Previous experiences of success can also improve confidence, but not all successful people feel confident.

Low self-confidence can influence the way other people perceive you and can alter your behavior. People experiencing chronic low confidence may benefit from psychotherapy to address issues that contribute to low confidence. For example, cognitive behavioral therapy can be helpful, because it helps people address negative, self-defeating thoughts and reshape these thoughts into positive thoughts that can build confidence. Depression and anxiety can contribute to low confidence, and medication in conjunction with therapy often helps improve those mental health conditions.

Confidence is a trait that people can generally learn and develop, and any of the following strategies may help a person increase self-confidence:

1. Block negative thoughts: People can train themselves to think differently and to reframe their view of new or anxiety-producing experiences. Some can accomplish this alone, but a counselor or therapist, especially one trained to provide cognitive behavioral therapy, may be able to offer assistance. With determined mental focus, people can often reduce pessimistic thoughts that may prevent them from realizing the full extent of their abilities and/or potential.
2. Assertiveness training: When people are assertive, they are often better able to get their needs met. Assertiveness training can not only help improve self-confidence, but it can also help with social anxiety, depression, and anger issues.
3. Build self-esteem: When self-esteem increases, self-confidence usually follows suit. Self-esteem building activities, such as making a list of personal strengths and achievements, practicing self-acceptance exercises, or developing concrete plans to address areas of weakness, can all be effective in promoting self-esteem and self-confidence.
4. Positive affirmations: Many mental health practitioners consider replacing negative thoughts with positive affirmations to be a more effective practice than simply blocking the thoughts. Studies have shown that positive self-talk can improve overall health and well-being, and self-confidence, which represents faith in one’s abilities, may increase as a result of positive self-talk about those abilities.
5. Goal-setting and rewards: Incentives can help people achieve any number of goals, and the process of building self-confidence is no different. People can set realistic goals to build self-confidence and use rewards to reinforce the positive meaning behind their accomplishments. For example, a person might choose to dedicate a few hours of time to an activity they enjoy after successfully navigating a challenging situation, for example.
6. Counseling and mental health support: Counselors, therapists, and/or life psychologists are available to provide support to those who wish to build their self-confidence. Therapy sessions can be a safe space for people to work on their self-confidence goals at their own pace.

Although research explaining the effects self-confidence might have on mental health is somewhat limited, a study examining the emotional intelligence of college students found a positive correlation between self-confidence and mental health. Positive thinking is known to be beneficial to mental and emotional well-being and is also known to boost self-confidence.

Therapy can be helpful in improving self-confidence. Mental health professionals can support people through the process of learning how to block negative thoughts, processing past trauma that has led to diminished levels of self-confidence, making meaning out of past failures, understanding current barriers to success, and setting self-confidence goals that can be worked toward at a safe and realistic pace. This work may not only boost self-confidence but can improve mental health overall.

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4. Gruber, K. (2015, July 23). The importance of self-confidence. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/138172-the-importance-self-confidence
5. Gupta, G., & Kumar, S. (2010). Mental health in relation to emotional intelligence and self efficacy among college students. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(1), 61-67. Retrieved from http://medind.nic.in/jak/t10/i1/jakt10i1p61.pdf
6. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017, February 18). Positive thinking: Stop negative self-talk to reduce stress. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/positive-thinking/art-20043950
7. Self-Confidence. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.uq.edu.au/student-services/counselling/self-confidence